Token Economics for LLM Agents: A Dual-View Study from Computing and Economics

Yuxi Chen, Junming Chen, Chenyu He, Yiwei Li, Yicheng Ji, Yifan Wu, Dingyu Yang, Lansong Diao, Lidan Shou, Hongliang Zhang, Huan Li, Gang Chen

Abstract

As LLM agents evolve, tokens have emerged as the core economic primitives of Agentic AI. However, their exponential consumption introduces severe computational, collaborative, and security bottlenecks. Current surveys remain fragmented across system optimization, architecture design, and trust, lacking a unified framework to evaluate the fundamental trade-off between output quality and economic cost. To bridge this gap, this survey presents the first comprehensive survey of Token Economics. By u

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Cite This Resource

@article{llmsec202600172,
  title = {Token Economics for LLM Agents: A Dual-View Study from Computing and Economics},
  author = {Yuxi Chen and Junming Chen and Chenyu He and Yiwei Li and Yicheng Ji and Yifan Wu and Dingyu Yang and Lansong Diao and Lidan Shou and Hongliang Zhang and Huan Li and Gang Chen},
  year = {2026},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.09104},
}