paperApril 2026Unreviewed

SoK: Security of Autonomous LLM Agents in Agentic Commerce

Qian'ang Mao, Jiaxin Wang, Ya Liu, Li Zhu, Cong Ma, Jiaqi Yan

Abstract

Autonomous large language model (LLM) agents such as OpenClaw are pushing agentic commerce from human-supervised assistance toward machine actors that can negotiate, purchase services, manage digital assets, and execute transactions across on-chain and off-chain environments. Protocols such as the Trustless Agents standard (ERC-8004), Agent Payments Protocol (AP2), OKX Agent Payments Protocol (APP), the HTTP 402-based payment protocol (x402), Agent Commerce Protocol (ACP), the Agentic Commerce s

Cite

@misc{mao2026sok,
  title = {{SoK: Security of Autonomous LLM Agents in Agentic Commerce}},
  author = {Qian'ang Mao and Jiaxin Wang and Ya Liu and Li Zhu and Cong Ma and Jiaqi Yan},
  year = {2026},
  month = apr,
  eprint = {2604.15367},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.15367}
}